We’ve presented them that way in our list of strong verbs, as well as in a single alphabetical list. Some people find it easier to learn the strong verbs when they’re arranged in these three groups.
Notice that the vowel in the participle can match the infinitive (halten/gehalten), the past (roch/gerochen) or neither (geholfen). Try to find one that has all three, or just use our list.)
(Annoyingly, some language dictionaries and textbooks leave out the present form in their list of strong verbs and just give past-participle. Halten (hält, hielt, gehalten) – to stop riechen (riecht, roch, gerochen) – to smell helfen (hilft, half, geholfen) – to help Strong verbs are often given with all three irregular forms immediately after them, present-past-participle, like this:
The participle is the third and last irregular form that you have to learn for each strong verb – the first two being the present-tense vowel shift (if any) and the past stem. Strong verbs take the ge- but keep their regular ( –n or – en) infinitive ending. So kaufen, for example, would become gekauft. To form the past participle of weak verbs, add ge to the beginning, then drop the en or n and add t to the end. But before we get to that, we have to learn how to form German participles. In German it’s the same, except that sometimes sein (to be) is used instead of haben (to have). In English, the perfect tense is formed with the present tense of the verb “to have” and the past participle of the main verb: Have you written the report? Yes, I have written it.
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